What Is The Alternative To Restraint?

I was surprised by a recent report on the use of restraints among organizations serving people with intellectual/developmental disabilities (I/DD). Approximately 78.4% of 2015 Medicaid waivers for home- and community-based services (HCBS) for people with I/DD allow the use of restraints; 75.7% allow the use of restrictive interventions; and 24.3% allow the use of seclusion for this population (see Three-Quarters Of I/DD Waivers Permit Use Of Restraints).

This is especially surprising considering the work done to show just how counter-productive this practice is. A 2015 research paper from the Substance . . .