The Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998 is a hybrid block grant. It allows considerable discretion to states and local entities while at the same time setting overall policy goals and establishing structural and oversight mechanisms. In point of fact, there is no such thing as a pure block grant (Here's the money just do it your way). The nature of the federalism bargain for all such large intergovernmental subventions is shaped horizontally at the center where different goals are enunciated in a mix of purposes, and vertically in the execution of the policy by states and local service deliverers.